pronounce strongly

excĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [excio], to call out or forth, to bring or send out, to wake or rouse up (freq. and class.; cf.: provoco, evoco; irrito, lacesso, invito).

Lit.: unde (Acherunte) animae excitantur obscura umbra, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

aliquem a portu,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 10:

aliquem huc foras,

id. Rud. 1, 5, 2:

si excitatus fuerit de spectaculis,

turned out, expelled, Quint. 3, 6, 19:

dormientes spectatores e somno,

to wake up, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 48; cf.:

quaeso, ne me e somno excitetis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 12:

velut dormitantes eos excitari,

Quint. 4, 1, 73:

patre excitato (opp. dormiente),

id. 4, 2, 72:

scuto offenso excitatus vigil,

Liv. 7, 36, 2:

aliquem ab inferis,

to summon up, Cic. Font. 12, 26; id. Cat. 2, 10, 20; id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, 129:

aliquem a mortuis,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 245:

non dubitavit excitare reum consularem,

to call upon to stand up, to call up, id. ib. 2, 28, 124:

reos,

id. ib. 2, 47, 195; Quint. 11, 3, 174; cf. Liv. 9, 8, 3:

testes,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 47: judicem, Cels. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 104 et saep.: feras, to rouse or scare up, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68:

cervum nemorosis latibulis,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 1.—Prov.:

aliis leporem,

Petr. 1, 31, 7.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things, to raise, erect:

vapores, qui a sole ex aquis excitantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:

caput altius,

Cels. 8, 4 med. —

In partic., with the accessory notion of making, forming, to raise, erect, build, construct:

exstrui vetat (Plato) sepulcrum altius, quam, etc.... nec e lapide excitari amplius,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 68:

turres,

Caes. B. G. 5, 40, 2; id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.:

tumulum alicui,

Suet. Claud. 1:

aedificium,

Sen. Ep. 52:

urbem,

Flor. 1, 1:

nova sarmenta cultura excitantur,

are produced, Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

pascua in novalibus,

Pall. Nov. 13, 3:

ignem,

to kindle up, excite, Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4; Lucr. 6, 308:

incendium,

Cic. Phil. 7, 1, 3:

invalidas flammas admoto fomite,

Luc. 8, 776.— Poet. transf.:

aras,

Verg. G. 4, 549:

foculum bucca,

Juv. 3, 262:

siser stomachum,

Plin. 20, 5, 17, § 34:

uvae os, stomachum,

id. 23, 1, 7, § 12.

Trop.

In gen., to raise up, comfort; to arouse, awaken, excite, incite, stimulate, enliven:

qui ab excitata fortuna ad inclinatam et prope jacentem desciscerem,

erected, established, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

amici jacentem animum excitare,

id. Lael. 16, 59; and with this cf. id. Att. 1, 16, 8; and:

animos excitare atque inflammare ad persequendi studium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 5:

animos omnium ad laetitiam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 79, 3:

aliquem ad laborem et ad laudem,

Cic. Planc. 24, 59; cf. id. Top. 2, 5:

languentem labentemque populum ad decus,

id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

aliquem ad bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 10, 3:

aliquem ad virtutem,

id. ib. 6, 14, 5:

aliquem ad audiendum,

Quint. 4, 1, 34:

gallos alacritate ad canendum,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56 et saep.:

alicujus memoriam alicui excitans,

reviving, renewing, Cic. Or. 10, 35:

hominum studia ad utilitates nostras allicere atque excitare,

id. Off. 2, 6, 20:

hominum studia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 1:

salsum excitat et a taedio defendit orationem,

enlivens, Quint. 6, 3, 19:

fictiones personarum mire orationem excitant,

id. 9, 2, 29; cf. id. 6, 1, 2:

hi soni cum augenda intentione excitandi (opp. temperandi),

to sharpen, pronounce strongly, id. 11, 3, 42:

syllabam acutam,

id. 12, 10, 33. —

In partic.

To appeal to, call upon, cite:

ut nos ex annalium monimentis testis excitamus eos, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 67:

multos testis liberalitatis tuae,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 47.—

With the accessory idea of producing (acc. to I. B. 2.), to found, cause, occasion, excite, kindle:

priusquam docuero, quibus initiis ac fundamentis hae tantae summis in rebus laudes excitatae sint,

Cic. Sest. 2, 5; cf. id. Fin. 4, 7, 18:

in animis hominum motum dicendo vel excitare vel sedare,

id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

risus,

id. Phil. 3, 9, 21:

plausum,

id. Sest. 58, 124:

fletum etiam inimicis,

id. ib. 57, 121:

amores,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

iras,

Verg. A. 2, 594:

suspicionem alicui,

Cic. Sest. 18, 41: varios sermones, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 2:

quantas tragoedias,

Cic. Mil. 7, 18:

vim ac dolorem bonorum omnium,

id. Planc. 18, 45 et saep. —Hence, excĭtātus, a, um, P. a. (lit. excited, kindled; hence), animated, lively, vigorous, vehement, strong, loud (rare but class.):

acutus et excitatus sonus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18.— Comp.:

clamor,

Liv. 4, 37, 9:

haec lumina,

Quint. 12, 10, 49:

schema,

id. 9, 3, 10.— Sup.:

odor,

Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 182. — Adv.: excĭtāte, vigorously, briskly, brightly, vehemently. —In the comp.:

fulgent gemmae,

Plin. 37, 7, 31, § 106:

clamitantes,

Amm. 18, 8.

ex-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press or squeeze out, to force out (class.).

Lit.:

oleum ex malobathro,

Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129:

sucum expresso semini,

id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

sucum flore,

id. 21, 19, 74, § 127:

sucum radici,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 136; cf.: vinum palmis, oleum sesamae (dat.), id. 6, 28, 32, § 161:

oleum amygdalis,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 8:

sudorem de corpore,

Lucr. 5, 487:

lacrimulam oculos terendo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

si nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44:

liquorem per densa foramina (cribri),

Ov. M. 12, 438; cf.:

aquam in altum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39:

aquam in altitudinem,

Vitr. 8, 7:

quantum has (turres) quotidianus agger expresserat,

had carried up, raised, Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4 Oud.:

pecuniam alicui,

Suet. Oth. 5; id. Vesp. 4.—

Transf.

With an object denoting that out of which something is pressed or squeezed, to press, squeeze, wring:

spongiam ex oleo vel aceto,

Cels. 5, 24 med.:

lanam ex vino vel aceto,

Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31; cf.:

Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 224:

spongiae expressae inter duas tabulas,

Plin. 31, 11, 47, § 128:

oleam,

id. 12, 27, 60, § 130:

folia rosae,

id. 21, 18, 73, § 122:

tuberculum,

id. 11, 11, 12, § 29.—

To form by pressure, to represent, form, model, portray, express (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

freq. in the elder Pliny): (faber) et ungues exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

alicujus furorem... verecundiae ruborem,

Plin. 34, 14, 40, § 140:

expressa in cera ex anulo imago,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:

imaginem hominis gypso e facie ipsa,

Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153; cf.:

effigiem de signis,

id. ib.:

optime Herculem Delphis et Alexandrum, etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 66 et saep.:

vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens,

exhibiting, showing, Tac. G. 17:

pulcher aspectu sit athleta, cujus lacertos exercitatio expressit,

has well developed, made muscular, Quint. 8, 3, 10.

Trop.

To squeeze or wring out, to extort, wrest, elicit: lex, quam ex natura ipsa arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus, qs. pressed out, Cic. Mil. 4, 10:

utilitas expressit nomina rerum,

has imposed, Lucr. 5, 1029: cf.:

cum ab iis saepius quaereret, neque ullam omnino vocem exprimere posset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 3:

expressa est Romanis necessitas obsides dandi,

Liv. 2, 13, 4:

confessionem concessi maris hosti,

id. 37, 31, 5:

confessionem cruciatu,

Suet. Galb. 10:

deditionem ultimā necessitate,

Liv. 8, 2, 6:

pecunia vi expressa et coacta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 165:

tu si tuis blanditiis a Sicyoniis nummulorum aliquid expresseris,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9:

risum magis quam gemitum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 7 et saep.—With ut:

expressi, ut conficere se tabulas negaret,

have constrained, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

expressit, ut polliceretur,

Curt. 6, 7. —

Transf. (acc. to I. B. 2.), to imitate, copy, represent, to portray, describe, express, esp. in words (cf. reddo):

cum magnitudine animi tum liberalitate vitam patris et consuetudinem expresserit,

i. e. imitated, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

lex expressa ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

vitia imitatione ex aliquo expressa,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

rem ante oculos ponit, cum exprimit omnia perspicue, ut res prope dicam manu tentari possit,

Auct. Her. 4, 40, 62; cf. id. ib. §

63: hanc speciem Pasiteles caelavit argento et noster expressit Archias versibus,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

mores alicujus oratione,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184:

multas nobis imagines fortissimorum virorum expressas scriptores Graeci et Latini reliquerunt,

id. Arch. 6, 14; cf. id. ib. 12, 30:

in Platonis libris omnibus fere Socrates exprimitur,

id. de Or. 3, 4, 15: Mithridaticum bellum magnum atque difficile totum ab hoc expressum est, depicted to the life, id. Arch. 9, 21; cf.:

ut Euryalum exprimat infans,

may resemble, Juv. 6, 81.—With rel.-clause as object:

diligenter, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

exprimere non possum, quanto sim gaudio affectus,

tell, express, Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2; Vell. 2, 124, 1:

verbis exprimere quid quis sentiat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 7:

quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

mores in scriptis exprimere,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 4.—Of translating into another language, to render, translate:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. ib. 1, 44: katalêpsin, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

nec tamen exprimi verbum e verbo necesse erit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; cf.:

verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1.—Of words, to pronounce, utter:

nolo exprimi litteras putidius nolo obscurari neglegentius,

with affected distinctness, Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

verba,

Quint. 1, 2, 6; 9, 4, 10; 40 al.—Rarely of a personal object:

oratorem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 90:

moderatorem rei publicae nostris libris diligenter expressimus,

id. Att. 8, 11, 1.—Hence, expressus, a, um, P. a., clearly exhibited, prominent, distinct, visible, manifest, clear, plain, express (syn. solidus, opp. adumbratus).

Lit.:

species deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi, nihil eminentis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf.:

litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

corpora lacertis expressa,

powerful, muscular, Quint. 8 praef. §

19: protinus omnibus membris, expressus infans,

fully formed, id. 2, 4, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

habuit Catilina permulta maximarum non expressa signa, sed adumbrata virtutum,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12; cf.:

est gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3 (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 62, p. 723 sq.):

indicia solida et expressa,

id. Planc. 12; cf.:

veri juris germanaeque justitiae solida et expressa effigies,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

expressa sceleris vestigia,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

expressiora et illustriora,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 3; and:

quid expressius atque signatius in hanc causam?

Tert. Res. Carn. 3.—

Expressa carmina Battiadae, translated, Cat. 65, 16.—Of distinct pronunciation:

vitia oris emendet, ut expressa sint verba, ut suis quaeque litterae sonis enuntientur,

Quint. 1, 11, 4:

expressior sermo,

id. 1, 1, 37:

expressior loquacitas generi picarum est,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118. —In a bad sense, of a too emphatic, affected pronunciation: sonus erat dulcis: litterae neque expressae neque oppressae, ne aut obscurum esset aut putidum, Cic Off. 1, 37, 133.—Hence, adv.: expressē.

Lit., with pressure, strongly:

artus expressius fricare,

Scrib. Comp. 198.—

Trop., expressly, distinctly, clearly:

conscripta exempla,

Auct. Her. 4, 7, 10:

quod ipsum expressius Hesiodus hoc versu significavit,

Col. 11, 1, 29.—Of pronunciation, distinctly:

ut ea (R littera) a nullo expressius efferretur,

Val. Max. 8, 7, 1 ext.